Which action is most effective in preventing atelectasis after surgery?

• A. Incentive spirometer use, early ambulation, coughing, and position changes
• B. Administer antibiotics
• C. Bed rest
• D. Nasal suctioning

Answer: (A)

Preventing atelectasis after surgery hinges on keeping the lungs well expanded and secretions cleared so alveoli stay open. Incentive spirometry promotes sustained, deep breaths that re-expand collapsed alveoli; early ambulation increases chest expansion and helps mobilize secretions; coughing helps remove mucus from the airways; and changing positions aids ventilation distribution and drainage of secretions. These actions directly improve ventilation and prevent alveolar collapse.

Antibiotics don’t prevent atelectasis—they target infection. Bed rest can actually reduce deep breathing and mucus clearance, increasing risk. Nasal suctioning clears nasal passages but doesn’t address ventilation or secretions deeper in the lungs, so it doesn’t prevent atelectasis.