For atelectasis caused by a mucus plug, which intervention directly removes the plug?

• A. Suctioning
• B. Chest physiotherapy
• C. Antibiotic therapy
• D. Bronchoscopy for direct removal

Answer: (D)

When atelectasis is caused by a mucus plug, the primary goal is to relieve the airway obstruction so the collapsed alveoli can re-expand. The mucus plug is a physical blockage in a central or segmental airway, and removing that blockage directly restores ventilation to the affected lung region. Bronchoscopy provides direct visualization of the airway and allows for the mechanical removal of the plug, sometimes aided by suction through the scope. This intervention directly eliminates the obstruction and reopens the airway.

Suctioning can remove secretions, but it may not reach or dislodge a plugged mucus obstruction lodged in a bronchus. Chest physiotherapy helps mobilize secretions toward the larger airways but does not guarantee removal of a plug. Antibiotics treat infection and inflammation rather than physically clearing an obstruction. Thus, bronchoscopy for direct removal is the most definitive way to restore airflow in this scenario.